Table I Normal values for canine cardiovascular parameters.
An approximate average value, and then the range, is given where possible.


 
 		 Ascending aorta  Descending aorta 
lnternal diameter d (cm) 1.5
1.0-2.4 		1.3
0.8-1.8
Wall thickness h (cm) 0.065
0.05-0.08
h/d 0.07
0.055-0.084
Length (cm) 5 20
Approximate  cross-scctional  area (cm2) 2 1.3
Total vascular cross-scetional area at each level (cm2) 2 2
Peak blood velocity (cms-1) 120
40-290		 105
25-250
Mean blood velocity (cms-1) 20
10-40 		20
10-40
Reynolds number (peak) 4500 3400
a (heart rate = 2 Hz) 13.2 11.5
Calculated wave-speed c0 (cms-1) 580
Measured wave-speed c (cms-1) 500
400-600
Young's modulus E (Nm-2 x 105) 4.8
3-6
 
 		 Abdominal aorta  Arteriole 
lnternal diameter d (cm) 0.9
0.5-1.2		 0.005 
0.001-0.008
Wall thickness h (cm) 0.05
0.04-0.06		 0.002
h/d 0.06
0.04-0.09 		0.4
Length (cm) 15 0.15
0.1-0.2
Approximate  cross-scctional  area (cm2) 0.6 2 10-5
Total vascular cross-scetional area at each level (cm2) 2 125
Peak blood velocity (cms-1) 55
50-60 		0.75
0.5-1.0
Mean blood velocity (cms-1) 15
8-20
Reynolds number (peak) 1250 0.09
a (heart rate = 2 Hz) 8 0.04
Calculated wave-speed c0 (cms-1) 770  
Measured wave-speed c (cms-1) 700
600-750 		 
Young's modulus E (Nm-2 x 105) 10
9-11 		 
 
 		 Capillary  Venule 
lnternal diameter d (cm) 0.0006 
0.0004-0.0008		 0.004 
0.001-0.0075
Wall thickness h (cm) 0.0001 0.0002
h/d 0.17 0.05
Length (cm) 0.06
0.02-0.1		 0.15
0.1-0.2
Approximate  cross-scctional  area (cm2) 3 10-7 2 10-5
Total vascular cross-scetional area at each level (cm2) 600 570
Peak blood velocity (cms-1) 0.07
0.02-0.17		 0.35
0.2-0.5
Mean blood velocity (cms-1)
Reynolds number (peak) 0.001 0.035
a (heart rate = 2 Hz) 0.005 0.035
Calculated wave-speed c0 (cms-1)    
Measured wave-speed c (cms-1)    
Young's modulus E (Nm-2 x 105)    
  Inferior vena cava Main pulmonary artery
lnternal diameter d (cm) 1.0 
0.6-1.5		 1.7 
1.0-2.0
Wall thickness h (cm) 0.015
0.01-0.02		 0.02
0.01-0.03
h/d 0.015 0.01
Length (cm) 30
20-40		 3.5
3-4
Approximate  cross-scctional  area (cm2) 0.8 2.3
Total vascular cross-scetional area at each level (cm2) 3.0 2.3
Peak blood velocity (cms-1) 25
15-40		 70
Mean blood velocity (cms-1) 15
6-28		  
Reynolds number (peak) 700 3000
a (heart rate = 2 Hz) 8.8 15
Calculated wave-speed c0 (cms-1) 100 350
Measured wave-speed c (cms-1) 400
100-700		 250
200-330
Young's modulus E (Nm-2 x 105) 0.7
0.4-1.0		 6
2-10
(From C. G. Caro, T. I. Pedley, and W. A. Seed (1974). ‘Mechanics of the circulation', Chapter 1 of Cardiovascular physiology (ed. A. C. Guyton). Medical and Technical Publishers, London.)